Socrates and His Philosophy
The Relentless Pursuit of Truth and Virtue
by: Ulysses Ybiernas | September 2, 2017
Socrates (c. 470–399 BCE) is widely regarded as the founding figure of Western philosophy. Though he left no writings of his own, his ideas and methods were immortalized by his student Plato. Socrates’ influence endures through his unique method of questioning, his commitment to virtue, and his fearless pursuit of truth, even unto death.
The Socratic Method
At the heart of Socrates’ philosophy is the Socratic Method, a form of dialectical questioning aimed at exposing contradictions in one's beliefs. By engaging others in dialogue, Socrates led them to examine their own thoughts critically.
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
This famous statement, spoken at his trial, captures his belief that self-knowledge and philosophical inquiry are essential for a meaningful life.
Knowledge and Ignorance
Socrates claimed that he was wise only because he knew that he knew nothing. This humble stance underpinned his philosophical approach. Rather than claim expertise, he would question others who professed knowledge, often revealing their ignorance.
In this way, Socrates championed intellectual humility and continuous questioning as the path to wisdom.
Virtue and Ethics
Socrates believed that knowledge and virtue were intimately connected. He argued that no one willingly does wrong; all wrongdoing results from ignorance. Thus, to know the good is to do the good.
His ethical philosophy emphasized the cultivation of the soul, moral self-examination, and living a life of integrity above all else.
The Trial and Death of Socrates
In 399 BCE, Socrates was brought to trial in Athens on charges of corrupting the youth and impiety. Refusing to abandon his philosophy, he defended himself with reason and dignity. Found guilty, he was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock.
His death became a powerful symbol of intellectual freedom and moral conviction. As Plato records in the Apology, Socrates accepted his fate calmly, believing that a true philosopher should not fear death.
Legacy and Influence
Though he wrote nothing, Socrates profoundly shaped Western thought. His commitment to critical dialogue, ethics, and rational inquiry set the standard for philosophical practice. Through the writings of Plato and others, Socratic thought continues to inspire thinkers across disciplines.
Conclusion
Socrates remains a timeless figure in philosophy, not for doctrine, but for his method, character, and devotion to the examined life. His legacy challenges each of us to question assumptions, seek truth, and live virtuously, even when it costs everything.